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搜狐财经 财经中心 > 金融观察 > 金融动态 中国人民银行简介 2011年10月29日14:21 中国人民银行1948年在华北银行、北海银行、西北农民银行的基础上合并组成的。1983年国务院决定中国人民银行专门行使国家中央银行职能。含金融风险防范与化解、统计数据、银行卡、金融规章、反假货币工作、公告栏等。 中国人民银行（简称央行或人行）是中华人民共和国的中央银行，于1948年12月1日组成。中国人民银行根据《中华人民共和国中国人民银行法》的规定，在国务院的领导下依法独立制定和执行货币政策，履行职责，开展业务，不受地方政府、各级政府部门、社会团体和个人的干涉。中国人民银行总行分别位于北京和上海，2005年8月10日在上海设立中国人民银行上海总部。 2001年起，原由分行承担的各项业务管理工作职责在人民银行总行的统一组织下，陆续划归各省会城市中心支行承担，从业务角度评价，1998年起实施的央行管理体制改革没有获得成功。目前，各分行仍然掌握着辖区内重要职务的人事任免权力。人民币跨境贸易结算从2009年7月开始的试点城市，扩大到全国20个省市自治区，扩大后城市的进出口量占全国的90%。 法律地位 中央银行的法律地位通常要通过中央银行与国家权力机关的关系、中央银行与政府及其部门的关系、中央银行与普通银行的关系三个方面加以体现。《中国人民银行法》对我国中央银行的性质及法律地位作了明确规定： 1.中国人民银行是中华人民共和国的中央银行。中国人民银行在国务院的领导下，制定和实施货币政策，防范和化解金融风险，维护金融稳定。 2.中国人民银行应当向全国人民代表大会常务委员会提出有关货币政策情况和金融监管情况的工作报告。 3.中国人民银行就年度货币供应量、利率、汇率和国务院规定的其他重要事项作出的决定，报国务院批准后执行。中国人民银行就其他有关货币政策事项作出决定后，即予执行，并报国务院备案。 4.中国人民银行在国务院的领导下依法独立执行货币政策，履行职责，开展业务，不受地方政府、各级政府部门、社会团体和个人的干涉，具有相对的独立性。 5.中国人民银行实行行长负责制。行长的人选，根据国务院总理的提名，由全国人民代表大会决定；全国人民代表大会闭会期间，由全国人民代表大会常务委员会决定，由中华人民共和国主席任免；副行长由国务院总理任免。 6.中国人民银行实行独立的财务预算管理制度。但应当执行法律、行政法规和国家统一的财务会计制度，并接受国务院审计机关和财政部门依法分别进行的审计和监督。

Sohu Finance Finance Center > Financial Observation > Financial Dynamics Introduction to the People's Bank of China October 29, 2011 14:21 The People's Bank of China was formed in 1948 through the merger of the Huabei Bank, Beihai Bank, and Northwest Farmers Bank. In 1983, the State Council decided that the People's Bank of China would exclusively perform the functions of the national central bank, including financial risk prevention and resolution, statistics, bank cards, financial regulations, anti-counterfeiting currency work, and announcements. The People's Bank of China (abbreviated as the central bank or PBOC) is the central bank of the People's Republic of China, established on December 1, 1948. According to the Law of the People's Republic of China on the People's Bank of China, the People's Bank of China, under the leadership of the State Council, independently formulates and implements monetary policy, performs its duties, and conducts operations without interference from local governments, government departments at all levels, social organizations, or individuals. The headquarters of the People's Bank of China are located in Beijing and Shanghai, and on August 10, 2005, the Shanghai Headquarters of the People's Bank of China was established. Since 2001, the responsibilities for business management previously undertaken by branches have been gradually transferred to the central sub-branches in provincial capital cities under the unified organization of the headquarters of the People's Bank of China. From a business perspective, the central bank management system reform implemented in 1998 has not been successful. Currently, branches still hold the authority to appoint and remove personnel for key positions within their jurisdictions. The pilot program for cross-border trade settlement in RMB, which began in July 2009, has expanded to 20 provinces, cities, and autonomous regions nationwide. After the expansion, the import and export volume of these cities accounts for 90% of the national total. Legal Status The legal status of a central bank is usually reflected in three aspects: the relationship between the central bank and the national power organs, the relationship between the central bank and the government and its departments, and the relationship between the central bank and ordinary banks. The Law of the People's Republic of China on the People's Bank of China clearly defines the nature and legal status of the central bank in China: 1. The People's Bank of China is the central bank of the People's Republic of China. Under the leadership of the State Council, the People's Bank of China formulates and implements monetary policy, prevents and resolves financial risks, and maintains financial stability. 2. The People's Bank of China shall submit work reports on monetary policy and financial supervision to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. 3. The People's Bank of China makes decisions on the annual money supply, interest rates, exchange rates, and other important matters specified by the State Council, which are implemented after approval by the State Council. Decisions on other monetary policy matters are implemented immediately after being made and are filed with the State Council for record. 4. The People's Bank of China, under the leadership of the State Council, independently implements monetary policy, performs its duties, conducts operations, and is not subject to interference from local governments, government departments at all levels, social organizations, or individuals, maintaining relative independence. 5. The People's Bank of China implements a governor responsibility system. The candidate for governor is nominated by the Premier of the State Council and decided by the National People's Congress; during the recess of the National People's Congress, the decision is made by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and appointed or removed by the President of the People's Republic of China. The deputy governors are appointed or removed by the Premier of the State Council. 6. The People's Bank of China implements an independent financial budget management system. However, it must comply with laws, administrative regulations, and the unified national financial accounting system, and accept audits and supervision conducted separately by the State Council's auditing agencies and financial departments in accordance with the law.